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Pitch, Tuning & Theory
The frequency mathematics under equal temperament: note names to hertz, cents between two pitches, transposition between keys and…
Tempo, Delay & Timing
Converting tempo into time: delay and reverb settings that lock to the beat, how long a bar or a whole arrangement lasts, and the…
Studio & Live Audio Engineering
Sound-level and signal math for the studio and the stage: adding decibels from multiple sources, sample rate and bit depth to…
Instrument Setup & Strings
The physical mathematics of a stringed instrument: tension from gauge, scale length and pitch, fret spacing from the twelfth root…
Most used in music theory, audio engineering & instruments
- Note to Frequency Calculator12-tone equal temperament; A4 = 440 Hz per ISO 16Every note in twelve-tone equal temperament is the reference pitch multiplied by a power of the twelfth root of two. Give this…
- Cents & Interval CalculatorEllis cent, 1200 per octave; 12-tone equal temperamentA cent is one hundredth of an equal-tempered semitone and one twelve-hundredth of an octave, defined logarithmically so that…
- Music Transposition CalculatorEqual temperament, standard orchestral transposition conventionsTransposition is addition. Every key, every chord and every transposing instrument reduces to a number of semitones, and moving…
- Harmonic Series CalculatorIdeal harmonic series f_n = n x f_1; equal temperament at A4 = 440 HzAn ideal vibrating string or air column does not produce one frequency. It produces a fundamental and a series of partials at…
- Delay & Reverb Time CalculatorTempo defined as quarter notes per minuteA delay that is not locked to the tempo fights the groove; one that is locked disappears into it. The arithmetic is one…
- Song Length & Bar Count CalculatorTempo defined as quarter notes per minuteAn arrangement is built in bars and delivered in minutes and seconds, and the conversion between them decides whether a radio…
- Decibel Addition CalculatorEnergy summation of levels; geometric spreading per ISO 9613-2Decibels are logarithms, so they do not add. Two machines at 85 dB each do not make 170 dB, and they do not make 85 dB either -…
- Audio File Size CalculatorLinear PCM in WAV/RIFF; RF64 per EBU Tech 3306 above 4 GiBUncompressed audio has no surprises in it: the file size is exactly the sample rate times the bytes per sample times the…
- Speaker Impedance CalculatorRated impedance per IEC 60268-5Wiring speakers together changes the load the amplifier sees, and getting it wrong is the fastest way to destroy an output…
- String Tension CalculatorMersenne-Taylor law; unit-weight form used by string manufacturersString tension is set by three things and nothing else: how heavy the string is per inch, how long the vibrating span is, and…
- Fret Spacing Calculator12-tone equal temperament; fret constant 2^(1/12)Every fret position on a modern instrument comes from one constant: the twelfth root of two. Fretting a string shortens it, and…